Working principle of LCD touch screen
2022-10-21 浏览量:247
Touch screen

Introduction to touch screen
      
Touch screen, also known as "touch screen" and "touch panel", is an inductive liquid crystal display device that can receive input signals such as contacts. When touching the graphic buttons on the screen, the tactile feedback system on the screen can drive various connection devices according to the pre-programmed program, which can be used to replace the mechanical button panel, and create vivid audio-visual effects through the LCD screen. As the latest computer input device, touch screen is the simplest, convenient and natural way of human-computer interaction. It endows multimedia with a brand-new look and is a brand-new multimedia interactive device with great attraction. It is mainly used in public information inquiry, leading office, industrial control, military command, electronic games, ordering songs, multimedia teaching, real estate pre-sale, etc.LCD 液晶显示屏触摸屏的工作原理(图1)

Touch main characteristics



The first feature of the touch screen:

  Transparency directly affects the visual effect of the touch screen. There is a problem about the degree of transparency. The infrared touch screen and the surface acoustic wave touch screen are separated by a layer of pure glass, so transparency can be regarded as outstanding. Other touch screens need to be carefully considered. "Transparency" is just a very general concept in the touch screen industry. Many touch screens are multilayer composite films, and it is not enough to summarize their visual effects only by being transparent. It should include at least four characteristics: transparency, color distortion, reflectivity and clarity. It can be further divided. For example, the degree of reflection includes specular reflection and diffraction reflection, but the diffraction reflection on the surface of the touch screen has not reached the level of CD. For users, these four measures are basically enough.

Due to the existence of the graph of light transmittance and wavelength, the image seen through the touch screen inevitably has color distortion with the original image. The static image feeling is only color distortion, and the dynamic multimedia image feeling is not very comfortable. The color distortion degree, that is, the maximum color distortion degree in the image, is naturally as small as possible. The usual transparency can only be the average transparency in the picture, of course, the higher the better.

Reflectivity mainly refers to the light and shadow behind the image caused by specular reflection, such as figures, windows, lights, etc. It is the negative effect brought by the reflective touch screen. The smaller the better, it affects the browsing speed of users. In severe cases, the image characters can't even be recognized. The use environment of the reflective touch screen is limited, and the lighting layout on the scene is forced to be adjusted. Most touch screens with reflective problems are provided with another surface-treated model: frosted touch screen, also called anti-glare type. The price is slightly higher, and the anti-glare type has obviously decreased reflectivity, so it is suitable for halls or exhibition places with sufficient lighting. However, the light transmittance and clarity of anti-glare type have also decreased significantly. Clarity. After some touch screens are installed, the handwriting is blurred, the image details are blurred, and the whole screen appears fuzzy and can't be seen clearly. This is the poor clarity. The problem of clarity is mainly caused by the repeated reflection and refraction of light between the thin film layers of the multi-layer touch screen. In addition, the clarity of the anti-glare touch screen also decreases due to the frosted surface. Poor clarity, easy fatigue of eyes, and some damage to eyes. Pay attention to discrimination when purchasing touch screen.

The second feature of the touch screen:

Touch screen is an absolute coordinate system. If you want to choose it, you can click it directly. The essential difference between touch screen and relative positioning system such as mouse is that it is intuitive at once. The absolute coordinate system is characterized in that each positioning coordinate has nothing to do with the last positioning coordinate. The touch screen is an independent coordinate positioning system in physics, and the data of each touch is converted into the coordinates on the screen through calibration data. In this way, the output data of the same point of the touch screen is required to be stable under any circumstances. If it is unstable, then the touch screen cannot guarantee absolute coordinate positioning, and the point is inaccurate. This is the most feared problem of the touch screen: drift. In principle, any touch screen that can't guarantee the same sampling data at the same point will inevitably drift. At present, only capacitive touch screen has drift phenomenon.

The third feature of the touch screen:

Touch detection and positioning, all kinds of touch screen technologies rely on their own sensors to work, and even some touch screens themselves are a set of sensors. Their respective positioning principles and sensors determine the response speed, reliability, stability and life of the touch screen.LCD 液晶显示屏触摸屏的工作原理(图2)
 

Main types


        From the technical principle, touch screens can be divided into five basic categories: vector pressure sensing touch screen, resistance touch screen, capacitance touch screen, infrared touch screen and surface acoustic wave touch screen. Among them, the touch screen of vector pressure sensing technology has withdrawn from the historical stage; Technology infrared touch screen is cheap, but its outer frame is fragile, easy to produce light interference, and distorted under curved surface; The technical capacitive touch screen design is reasonable, but its image distortion is difficult to be fundamentally solved. The positioning of the technical resistance touch screen is accurate, but its price is quite high, and it is afraid of being scratched and vulnerable; Surface acoustic wave touch screen solves various defects of previous touch screens, is clear and not easily damaged, and is suitable for various occasions. The disadvantage is that if there are water droplets and dust on the screen surface, the touch screen will become dull or even not work.

According to the working principle of touch screen and the medium of transmitting information, touch screen is divided into four types, which are resistance type, capacitance induction type, infrared type and surface acoustic wave type. Each type of touch screen has its own advantages and disadvantages. To know which type of touch screen is suitable for which occasion, the key lies in knowing each type of touch screen technology.
LCD 液晶显示屏触摸屏的工作原理(图3)

technology application    

  

         At present, the application range of touch screen has become more and more extensive, from industrial control/operating system of factory equipment, electronic inquiry facilities for public information inquiry, commercial cash machines, to consumer electronic mobile phones, PDAs, digital cameras and so on. Of course, the most widely used one is still the mobile phone. In 2008, the shipment of mobile phones with touch screen will exceed 100 million, and it is estimated that the shipment of mobile phones with touch interface will exceed 500 million in 2012. Moreover, there are signs that the application range of touch screen in consumer electronics products is expanding from small-sized fields such as mobile phone screens to notebook computers with larger screen sizes.
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